The first symptoms of diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a progressive and deficient disease whose prevalence seriously alarms doctors around the world.

This pathology can be attributed to so -called civilization diseases, because its main reason is in the wrong lifestyle that modern people adhere.

The timely diagnosis of diabetes offers the patient the chance to delay the beginning of serious complications. But it is not always possible to recognize the first signs of diabetes. This is the fault of this is the lack of elementary knowledge about this disease and the patient's low level of revelation for medical help.

Attention! Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and does not yet exist.

What is diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic endocrine diseases, whose main manifestations are the deficiency of absolute or relative insulin in the body and increased blood glucose. As a result of the disease, all metabolism is disturbed: protein, lipid, carbohydrate, mineral metabolism. A violation of acid-base balance is also observed.

According to statistical data, from 1 to 8% of people suffer from diabetes, but scientists suggest that the real number of patients is much higher. And that number increases every year. The number of children's sick diabetes is also growing.

Attention! Insulin is the only hormone that reduces blood glucose level and promotes its cell absorption.

Insulin is produced in pancreatic tissue by its beta cells. The violation of the formation of this hormone as a result of its damage or violation of its absorption by peripheral cells leads to the fact that diabetes begins.

Diabetes classification

Various types of diabetes are known:

• Enter the first first call dependent on insulin. With it, the primary failure of insulin hormone develops, leading to hyperglycemia. Most of the time, the cause of this pathology is autoimmune damage to the pancreas.
• The second type, previously called insulin dependent, but this definition is not accurate, because with this type progression, replacement insulin therapy may be necessary. In this type of disease, the insulin level remains normal or even exceeds the norm. However, body cells, first of all, adipocytes (adipose cells), become insensitive to it, which leads to an increase in blood glucose levels.

Attention! The factors that cause the onset of the disease are: severe stress, excessive physical activity, hormonal imbalance, transmitted diseases and other significant changes in the body.

Also distinguish:

• Sugar gestational diabetes (in pregnant women).
• Diabetes as a manifestation of genetic or endocrine pathology. In this case, diabetes itself acts as a symptom of a disease.

Three degrees of gravity of the course of the disease are distinguished:

• light;
• average;
• heavy.

The initial signs of type I diabetes mellitus

This type of disease more often affects young people and is considered genetically determined. It can already manifest itself in early childhood.

The first signs of type I diabetes are considered:

• There is a lot to increase appetite, there is much need, but at the same time, a person does not gain weight or loses weight without special physical effort and diets. This is due to the failure of energy in cells, the cause of which is reduced absorption of glucose.
• Night urination and an increase in daily diuresis, respectively, increased consumption of fluids. Polyuria occurs with an increase in osmotic urine pressure due to increased glucose filtration in urine.
• The sudden appearance of severe thirst as a result of which a person drinks up to 5 liters of liquid per day. Polydipsia has several development mechanisms. The first is to replenish the water deficit due to polyuria, and the second is performed with irritation of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
• The appearance of acetonemia, whose signs are the smell of acetone of the mouth, the urine acquires the smell of rotten apples. Acetonemia occurs by alternating the path of carbohydrate energy formation for fat under cell deficiency in the cell. At the same time, ketone bodies are formed, which affect toxic to the body. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting are associated with their influence.
• With the progression of a ketoacidotic state, the first symptom of initial disease is a diabetic coma.
• An increase in general weakness and increased fatigue due to impaired metabolism, energetic hunger of body cells and accumulation of toxic metabolism.
• Vision violation in the form of fuzziness and vague of objects, redness of the conjunctiva and sculpture in the eyes.
• With itching skin, the formation of small erosion on the skin and mucous membranes, which do not heal for a long time.
• Excessive hair loss.

The first type of diabetes mellitus is characterized, as it manifests sharply, suddenly and often only acute symptoms in the form of severe ketoacidosis to coma forces to recover this diagnosis.

The initial symptoms of type II diabetes

The second type of diabetes develops in more mature, overweight or obesity. Its mechanism for the development of pathology lies in the fact that adipose cells are overloaded with fat and increased size. As a result, the quantity and quality of the receptors for insulin changes, which leads to insensitivity or resistance to the hormone. Under such conditions, glucose is not absorbed.

In the early stages of second -type diabetes, a compensatory increase in insulin insulin synthesis arises from the pancreas, but as the disease progressed, this reserve is exhausted and the absolute insulin system develops.

One feature of this disease is that its symptoms in the early stage of diabetes cannot notice a person for a long time. Most people explain the deterioration of their health by age -related changes, overwork and not starting with diabetes. Late appeal about the disease is also explained by slower progression and deleted symptoms than type I.

Reference! Often type II diabetes is diagnosed by accident when requesting another pathology or in a preventive exam.

Among the first symptoms of diabetes, the most common are the following:

• Polydipsia manifests itself by increasing the drink regime up to 4-5 liters per day. This severe thirst is more often in mature patients. In old age, insensitivity to thirst is observed.
• Polyuria, especially the frequent desire for urination, is observed at night.
• Improving body weight.
• Increased the appetite, especially for sweet foods.
• Increasing weakness, drowsiness, fatigue.
• Itching skin, especially in the perineum and genitals.
• Paresthesia and numbness at the lower and palm ends due to the development of diabetic neuropathy.
• Pain and fatigue in the legs when walking, a rare hair line, a cooling of the extremities due to the defeat of the vessels.
• Furnchosis, skin candidiasis and mucous membranes, long -term infected cracks, wounds, wounds, scratches. Other symptoms of leather of the disease are: diabetic dermatopathy, bubbles, xanthomos, lipoid necrobiosis, neurodermatitis. All of this is a consequence of impaired skin regeneration and reduced immune reactivity.
• Periodontal disease and recurrent stomatitis.
• Vision deterioration as a result of the toxic effects of high blood glucose concentrations (retinopathy, cataract). As a rule, with the second type of diabetes, eye damage occurs much later than in the first.
• Frequent relationships of urinary tract infections, in particular, pyelonephritis, as a result of hyperglycemia and glucosuria.

Signs of the beginning of diabetes in children

Often type I diabetes mellitus is diagnosed during the development of acute complications in a small patient - diabetic ketacity or cetoacidotic coma. Parents should pay attention if the child has frequent episodes of ketosis or cyclic vomiting syndrome in such a way. This condition develops in many propens constitutionally to the acetononzical syndrome of children. It is aggravated by acute respiratory viral infections, infectious diseases and can lead to dehydration due to vomiting. But this syndrome goes through itself as the child grows.

If ketosis occurs under one year or last more than 7 to 9 years, the endocrinologist should be examined. However, experts advise under any acetononymia manifestation to pass a blood test to glucose.

The first signs of pathology in children are:

• Polyuria;
• Polydipsia;
• Clear weight loss.

If these symptoms of diabetes could not be recognized, a child may develop ketatosis with these characteristic symptoms:

• abdominal pain;
• vomiting, nausea;
• dry skin;
• frequent breathing;
• dizziness;
• The smell of acetone in expired air in the urine vomits;
• Lethargy, drowsiness;
• Loss of consciousness.

Important! If the symptoms of cetoacidosis appear, you urgently need to look for emergency medical help!

The beginning of diabetes sugar in men

In the genital sphere of men with this disease, there are also changes due to impaired innervation (neuropathy) and blood supply to the reproductive organs. Such symptoms are characteristic:

• reduced libido;
• Impailed unstable erection;
• Infertility due to a decrease in mobility and the number of viable forms of sperm.

It also usually has itching in the genital organs due to the irritating effect of sweat secret with a high concentration of glucose.

Diabetes disorders in women

A variety of signs of this disease is observed with damage to a woman's reproductive organs:

• decreased sexual interest;
• irregular menstruation;
• dryness and itching of the mucous membrane of the genitals, vagina candidiasis;
• no -infinition of pregnancy;
• infertility.

In pregnant women, sometimes a special type of diabetes - gestational. Therefore, when observing a pregnant woman, the doctor should direct the woman in time for an oral tolerance test and regularly monitor the overall urine analysis to detect glucosuria.

What to do when identifying diabetes symptoms?

It is better to contact an endocrinologist who will tell you which exams you need to pass to confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory tests include:

• Blood test for glucose level in an empty stomach:
• Oral test tolerance for glucose detecting pre -santiabetos;
• blood test for glycosylated hemoglobin;
• Urine analysis for glucosuria;
• Urine analysis for acetone.

Other laboratory and instrumental methods are used to identify complications of the disease.

Thus, it is necessary to relate responsibly to a state of health in order to identify the first signs of diabetes in time.